Reimagining Sustainability: Unlocking the Coopetitive Circular Business Model

The Coopetitive Circular Business Model (CCBM) merges coopetition and circular economy principles to drive sustainable innovation. By collaborating with competitors, companies can enhance resource efficiency, reduce costs, and meet regulatory demands. CCBM offers a strategic, practical framework for achieving sustainability and competitive advantage across industries.

Authors

Helena H. Knight
Cardiff University Business School
Roberta De Angelis
Cardiff University Business School
Nina Telg
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Robert E. Morgan
Cardiff University Business School

Keywords

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Knight, H. H., De Angelis, R., Telg, N., & Morgan, R. E. (2025). Towards the Coopetitive Circular Business Model: Theoretical foundations, conceptual envisioning, and future research imperatives. Industrial Marketing Management, 124, 20-39.

10 June 2025

In today’s fast-paced business world, the push for sustainability is more than just a trend—it’s an imperative. Our recent study, “Towards the Coopetitive Circular Business Model” published in Industrial Marketing Management, explores an innovative approach that has the potential to transform how companies transition towards sustainability. We introduce the Coopetitive Circular Business Model (CCBM), which synthesizes coopetition with the principles of the circular economy to unlock new opportunities for innovation and resource efficiency. The study evaluates the underpinning theoretical foundations and conceptual frameworks of our model. It also outlines future research directions, highlighting the CCBM’s potential to drive sustainability through collaborative innovation and resource efficiency. This blog post will introduce the key insights from our research and emphasize the practical implications for industry professionals.

The push for sustainability is more than just a trend—it’s an imperative.

The Dynamic Duo: Coopetition and Circular Economy

Imagine a world where fierce competitors join forces to tackle the biggest challenges of our time. This is the essence of coopetition—a strategic blend of cooperation and competition. By collaborating with rivals, companies can pool resources, share risks, and drive innovation like never before. On the other hand, the circular economy (CE) is all about creating a sustainable loop where waste is designed out, and resources are continuously reused. It’s a shift from the traditional linear model of “take, make, dispose” to a regenerative system designed to benefit businesses, society, and the environment.

Our research introduces the Coopetitive Circular Business Model (CCBM), a groundbreaking concept that marries the principles of coopetition with the circular economy. This model is designed to help businesses transition to more sustainable practices by leveraging the strengths of both approaches. The CCBM harnesses the collaborative power of coopetition and the sustainability goals of the circular economy. This synergy enables companies to innovate and operate more efficiently.

The CCBM harnesses the collaborative power of coopetition and the sustainability goals of the circular economy.

The model is built on leading strategic management theories, including the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities, and stakeholder theory. These frameworks provide a comprehensive understanding of how to implement the CCBM effectively. The CCBM isn’t just theoretical—it’s practical and applicable across various industries. Companies adopting this model can boost their sustainability performance, cut costs, and unlock new market opportunities.

Embracing the CCBM to become an industry leader

By embracing coopetition, companies can drive innovation in sustainable business practices. Collaborating with competitors allows for knowledge sharing, reduced R&D costs, and faster development of green technologies. The CCBM encourages designing products with durability, reuse, and recycling in mind, which helps reduce waste, lower production costs, and strengthen supply chain resilience. By sharing risks with competitors, companies are better equipped to navigate the uncertainties of sustainability transitions. Ultimately, this collaborative approach supports more robust, agile and resilient business models.

By embracing coopetition, companies can drive innovation in sustainable business practices.

With increasing global regulations on sustainability, the CCBM offers a proactive framework for managing compliance. Companies adopting this model will be better prepared to meet regulatory demands and avoid penalties, whilst positioning themselves as sustainability leaders. This differentiation enhances brand reputation, attracts eco-conscious consumers, and opens up new business opportunities.

With increasing global regulations on sustainability, the CCBM offers a proactive framework for managing compliance.

Conclusion

While our study sets the groundwork for the CCBM, there’s much more to explore. Future research could delve into the specific mechanisms through which coopetition drives circular economy practices, identify barriers to implementing the CCBM, and develop metrics to assess its impact on sustainability performance.

The Coopetitive Circular Business Model represents a bold step forward for companies aiming to master the complexities of sustainability. By integrating the collaborative strengths of coopetition with the regenerative principles of the circular economy, the CCBM offers a pathway to more innovative, efficient, and sustainable business practices. We invite industry leaders to explore this model and consider how it can be applied within their organizations to drive sustainable growth.

By integrating the collaborative strengths of coopetition with the regenerative principles of the circular economy, the CCBM offers a pathway to more innovative, efficient, and sustainable business practices.

Authors

Helena H. Knight
Cardiff University Business School

Helena Knight is a Lecturer in Marketing and Strategy at Cardiff University Business School. She holds a Ph.D. in Marketing and Strategy from Cardiff Business School. Her research examines the relationship between business and society, with a particular focus on the role of interorganizational collaboration in tackling societal challenges.

Roberta De Angelis
Cardiff University Business School

Roberta De Angelis is a Senior Lecturer in Marketing and Strategy at Cardiff University Business School and a member of the Circular Economy Research and Innovation Group Wales (CERIG). She holds a Ph.D. in Management Studies from The Exeter Business School. Her research focusses on circular business models, circular entrepreneurship and the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the circular economy.

Nina Telg
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Nina Telg is Assistant Professor in Strategic Management at the Department of Management and Organization of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. She holds a Ph.D. in Strategy from the Maastricht University (2022). Her research focuses on the paradoxical notion of coopetition – simultaneous collaboration and competition. Furthermore, she is interested in related topics such as (open) innovation, strategic alliances, ecosystems, and the role of IP protection (e.g. in a coopetition context).

Robert E. Morgan
Cardiff University Business School

Rob Morgan holds the Sir Julian Hodge Chair and serves as Professor of Marketing & Strategy at Cardiff University Business School, where he directs the Research, Impact, and Engagement portfolio. His research, executive teaching, and consulting expertise lies at the intersection of strategic management and marketing, focusing on innovation and new technologies.